High blood levels of a hormone produced in response to stress are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder in women but not men, a study from researchers at Emory University and the University of Vermont has found.
The results are scheduled for publication in the Feb. 24 issue of Nature.
The hormone, called PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide), is known to act throughout the body and the brain, modulating central nervous system activity, metabolism, blood pressure, pain sensitivity and immune function. The identification of PACAP as an indicator of PTSD may lead to new diagnostic tools and eventually, to new treatments for anxiety disorders.
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Thursday, March 10, 2011
Wednesday, March 09, 2011
Adherencias
Adherencias Dirección de esta página: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001493.htm
.Son bandas de tejido similar al cicatricial que se forman entre dos superficies dentro del organismo y hacen que éstas se peguen.
A medida que el cuerpo se mueve, los tejidos u órganos en su interior normalmente pueden desplazarse a su alrededor entre sí, lo cual se debe a que dichos tejidos tienen superficies resbaladizas.
Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgoLa inflamación (hinchazón), una cirugía o una lesión pueden provocar que se formen adherencias casi en cualquier parte en el cuerpo, incluyendo:
•En articulaciones como el hombro
•En los ojos
•En el interior del abdomen o la pelvis
Una vez que se forman, las adherencias pueden volverse más grandes o más firmes con el tiempo. Se pueden presentar síntomas u otros problemas si las adherencias llevan a que un órgano o parte del cuerpo se retuerza, se salga de su posición o que tampoco pueda moverse.
El riesgo de formación de adherencias es alto después de cirugías intestinales o cirugías de los órganos femeninos. La cirugía en donde se usa un laparascopio tiene menor probabilidad de causar adherencias que la cirugía abierta.
Otras causas de adherencias en el abdomen o la pelvis:
•Apendicitis, con mayor frecuencia cuando el apéndice se abre (presenta ruptura)
•Cáncer
•Endometriosis
•Infecciones en el abdomen y la pelvis
•Radioterapia
Las adherencias se pueden formar alrededor de articulaciones como el hombro (ver: capsulitis adhesiva) o los tobillos, o en los ligamentos y tendones. Este problema puede suceder:
•Después de cirugía o traumatismo
•Con ciertos tipos de artritis
•Con sobrecarga de una articulación o tendón
SíntomasLas adherencias en las articulaciones, los tendones o ligamentos dificultan el movimiento de la articulación y pueden causar dolor.
Las adherencias en el vientre (abdomen) que causan un retorcijón, contorsión o tirón pueden provocar un bloqueo de los intestinos. Los síntomas abarcan:
•Distensión o hinchazón abdominal
•Estreñimiento
•Náuseas y vómitos
•Ya no poder evacuar los gases
•Dolor en el abdomen que es intenso y con cólicos
Las adherencias en la pelvis pueden causar dolor pélvico crónico o prolongado.
Signos y exámenesLa mayoría de las veces, las adherencias no se pueden ver usando radiografías o exámenes imagenológicos.
•Una histerosalpingografía puede ayudar a diagnosticar adherencias dentro del útero o las trompas de Falopio.
•Las radiografías del abdomen, los estudios de contraste con bario y las tomografías computarizadas pueden ayudar a diagnosticar un bloqueo de los intestinos causado por adherencias.
Una endoscopia (una forma de observar el interior del cuerpo usando una sonda flexible que tiene una pequeña cámara en el extremo) puede ayudar a diagnosticar adherencias:
•La histeroscopia examina el interior del útero
•La laparoscopia examina el interior del abdomen y la pelvis
TratamientoSe puede realizar una cirugía para separar las adherencias. Esto a menudo permite el movimiento normal del órgano y reduce los síntomas causados por las adherencias; sin embargo, el riesgo de presentarse más adherencias aumenta, a medida que se incrementa el número de cirugías.
Dependiendo de la localización de las adherencias, al momento de la cirugía, se puede colocar una barrera para tratar de reducir la posibilidad de que éstas reaparezcan.
Ver también: reparación de obstrucción intestinal
Expectativas (pronóstico)El pronóstico generalmente es bueno.
ComplicacionesDependiendo de los tejidos comprometidos, las adherencias pueden ocasionar diversos trastornos.
•En el ojo, la adherencia del iris al cristalino puede llevar al desarrollo de un glaucoma.
•En los intestinos, las adherencias pueden producir una obstrucción intestinal completa o parcial.
•Las adherencias dentro de la cavidad uterina, llamadas síndrome de Asherman, pueden hacer que una mujer tenga ciclos menstruales irregulares y que sea incapaz de quedar en embarazo.
•Las adherencias pélvicas que involucran cicatrización de las trompas de Falopio pueden llevar a que se presente esterilidad y problemas reproductivos.
•Las adherencias pélvicas y abdominales pueden causar dolor crónico
Situaciones que requieren asistencia médicaConsulte con el médico si presenta:
•Dolor abdominal
•Incapacidad para evacuar los gases
•Náuseas y vómitos que no desaparecen
•Dolor en el vientre intenso y con cólicos
Nombres alternativosAdherencia intrauterina; Adherencia pélvica; Adherencia intraperitoneal
Actualizado: 3/30/2010Versión en inglés revisada por: Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington. Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unviersity of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc.
Hojee la enciclopedia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001493.htm
.Son bandas de tejido similar al cicatricial que se forman entre dos superficies dentro del organismo y hacen que éstas se peguen.
A medida que el cuerpo se mueve, los tejidos u órganos en su interior normalmente pueden desplazarse a su alrededor entre sí, lo cual se debe a que dichos tejidos tienen superficies resbaladizas.
Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgoLa inflamación (hinchazón), una cirugía o una lesión pueden provocar que se formen adherencias casi en cualquier parte en el cuerpo, incluyendo:
•En articulaciones como el hombro
•En los ojos
•En el interior del abdomen o la pelvis
Una vez que se forman, las adherencias pueden volverse más grandes o más firmes con el tiempo. Se pueden presentar síntomas u otros problemas si las adherencias llevan a que un órgano o parte del cuerpo se retuerza, se salga de su posición o que tampoco pueda moverse.
El riesgo de formación de adherencias es alto después de cirugías intestinales o cirugías de los órganos femeninos. La cirugía en donde se usa un laparascopio tiene menor probabilidad de causar adherencias que la cirugía abierta.
Otras causas de adherencias en el abdomen o la pelvis:
•Apendicitis, con mayor frecuencia cuando el apéndice se abre (presenta ruptura)
•Cáncer
•Endometriosis
•Infecciones en el abdomen y la pelvis
•Radioterapia
Las adherencias se pueden formar alrededor de articulaciones como el hombro (ver: capsulitis adhesiva) o los tobillos, o en los ligamentos y tendones. Este problema puede suceder:
•Después de cirugía o traumatismo
•Con ciertos tipos de artritis
•Con sobrecarga de una articulación o tendón
SíntomasLas adherencias en las articulaciones, los tendones o ligamentos dificultan el movimiento de la articulación y pueden causar dolor.
Las adherencias en el vientre (abdomen) que causan un retorcijón, contorsión o tirón pueden provocar un bloqueo de los intestinos. Los síntomas abarcan:
•Distensión o hinchazón abdominal
•Estreñimiento
•Náuseas y vómitos
•Ya no poder evacuar los gases
•Dolor en el abdomen que es intenso y con cólicos
Las adherencias en la pelvis pueden causar dolor pélvico crónico o prolongado.
Signos y exámenesLa mayoría de las veces, las adherencias no se pueden ver usando radiografías o exámenes imagenológicos.
•Una histerosalpingografía puede ayudar a diagnosticar adherencias dentro del útero o las trompas de Falopio.
•Las radiografías del abdomen, los estudios de contraste con bario y las tomografías computarizadas pueden ayudar a diagnosticar un bloqueo de los intestinos causado por adherencias.
Una endoscopia (una forma de observar el interior del cuerpo usando una sonda flexible que tiene una pequeña cámara en el extremo) puede ayudar a diagnosticar adherencias:
•La histeroscopia examina el interior del útero
•La laparoscopia examina el interior del abdomen y la pelvis
TratamientoSe puede realizar una cirugía para separar las adherencias. Esto a menudo permite el movimiento normal del órgano y reduce los síntomas causados por las adherencias; sin embargo, el riesgo de presentarse más adherencias aumenta, a medida que se incrementa el número de cirugías.
Dependiendo de la localización de las adherencias, al momento de la cirugía, se puede colocar una barrera para tratar de reducir la posibilidad de que éstas reaparezcan.
Ver también: reparación de obstrucción intestinal
Expectativas (pronóstico)El pronóstico generalmente es bueno.
ComplicacionesDependiendo de los tejidos comprometidos, las adherencias pueden ocasionar diversos trastornos.
•En el ojo, la adherencia del iris al cristalino puede llevar al desarrollo de un glaucoma.
•En los intestinos, las adherencias pueden producir una obstrucción intestinal completa o parcial.
•Las adherencias dentro de la cavidad uterina, llamadas síndrome de Asherman, pueden hacer que una mujer tenga ciclos menstruales irregulares y que sea incapaz de quedar en embarazo.
•Las adherencias pélvicas que involucran cicatrización de las trompas de Falopio pueden llevar a que se presente esterilidad y problemas reproductivos.
•Las adherencias pélvicas y abdominales pueden causar dolor crónico
Situaciones que requieren asistencia médicaConsulte con el médico si presenta:
•Dolor abdominal
•Incapacidad para evacuar los gases
•Náuseas y vómitos que no desaparecen
•Dolor en el vientre intenso y con cólicos
Nombres alternativosAdherencia intrauterina; Adherencia pélvica; Adherencia intraperitoneal
Actualizado: 3/30/2010Versión en inglés revisada por: Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington. Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unviersity of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc.
Hojee la enciclopedia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001493.htm
Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention.
Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Jul;26(4):313-21.
Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention.
Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Abstract
Postoperative intra-abdominal and pelvic adhesions are the leading cause of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and intestinal obstruction. It is generally considered that some people are more prone to develop postoperative adhesions than are others. Unfortunately, there is no available marker to predict the occurrence or the extent and severity of adhesions preoperatively. Ischemia has been thought to be the most important insult that leads to adhesion development. Furthermore, a deficient, suppressed, or overwhelmed natural immune system has been proposed as an underlying mechanism in adhesion development. The type of surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy) and closure of peritoneum in gynecologic surgeries and cesarean section have been debated as important factors that influence the development and extent of postoperative adhesions. In this article, we have reviewed the current state of adhesion development and the effects of barrier agents in prevention of postoperative adhesions.
PMID: 18756408 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Postoperative adhesions: from formation to prevention.
Alpay Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Abstract
Postoperative intra-abdominal and pelvic adhesions are the leading cause of infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and intestinal obstruction. It is generally considered that some people are more prone to develop postoperative adhesions than are others. Unfortunately, there is no available marker to predict the occurrence or the extent and severity of adhesions preoperatively. Ischemia has been thought to be the most important insult that leads to adhesion development. Furthermore, a deficient, suppressed, or overwhelmed natural immune system has been proposed as an underlying mechanism in adhesion development. The type of surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy) and closure of peritoneum in gynecologic surgeries and cesarean section have been debated as important factors that influence the development and extent of postoperative adhesions. In this article, we have reviewed the current state of adhesion development and the effects of barrier agents in prevention of postoperative adhesions.
PMID: 18756408 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium in the management of adhesive small-intestine obstruction.
J Int Med Res. 2010;38(6):2126-34.
Hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium in the management of adhesive small-intestine obstruction.
Atahan K, Aladağli I, Cökmez A, Gür S, Tarcan E.
First Surgical Department, İzmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey. kemalatahan@yahoo.com.tr
Abstract
This prospective study investigated the value of the hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium Urografin(®) in choosing which patients with small-intestine obstruction, caused by post-operative adhesions, to treat conservatively. Thirty-seven patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction received Urografin(®) via a nasogastric tube. Direct abdominal radiographs were taken after 2, 4 and 8 h. Twenty-four patients (64.9%) had Urografin(®) in the right colon within 8 h and were considered to have partial obstruction. These patients commenced oral feeding even though abdominal radiographs revealed gas-fluid levels. In the remaining 13 patients (35.1%), Urografin(®) was not observed in the right colon within 8 h: three of the 13 patients (23.1%) were successfully treated conservatively; 10 of the 13 patients (76.9%) developed toxic signs and underwent surgery, with obstruction resulting from adhesive bands being confirmed at operation. Conservative treatment can be recommended for patients in whom contrast medium is observed in the right colon within 8 h following administration, regardless of the presence of obstruction signs. Absence of contrast medium in the right colon within 8 h cannot, however, be considered an indication for surgery.
PMID: 21227018 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227018
Hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium in the management of adhesive small-intestine obstruction.
Atahan K, Aladağli I, Cökmez A, Gür S, Tarcan E.
First Surgical Department, İzmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey. kemalatahan@yahoo.com.tr
Abstract
This prospective study investigated the value of the hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium Urografin(®) in choosing which patients with small-intestine obstruction, caused by post-operative adhesions, to treat conservatively. Thirty-seven patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction received Urografin(®) via a nasogastric tube. Direct abdominal radiographs were taken after 2, 4 and 8 h. Twenty-four patients (64.9%) had Urografin(®) in the right colon within 8 h and were considered to have partial obstruction. These patients commenced oral feeding even though abdominal radiographs revealed gas-fluid levels. In the remaining 13 patients (35.1%), Urografin(®) was not observed in the right colon within 8 h: three of the 13 patients (23.1%) were successfully treated conservatively; 10 of the 13 patients (76.9%) developed toxic signs and underwent surgery, with obstruction resulting from adhesive bands being confirmed at operation. Conservative treatment can be recommended for patients in whom contrast medium is observed in the right colon within 8 h following administration, regardless of the presence of obstruction signs. Absence of contrast medium in the right colon within 8 h cannot, however, be considered an indication for surgery.
PMID: 21227018 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21227018
Saturday, February 19, 2011
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Mom Dies of Adhesion Related Disorder
From KETV
OMAHA, Neb. -- Employees at a local Red Robin restaurant helped an 8-year-old boy deal with the loss of his mother.
Austin Leeling's family said his mother, Robin, died Friday from a little known condition called Adhesion-Related Disorder.
Because his mother's name was Robin, he said he decided to eat at the Red Robin restaurant on 180th Street......
Click Link to see video
OMAHA, Neb. -- Employees at a local Red Robin restaurant helped an 8-year-old boy deal with the loss of his mother.
Austin Leeling's family said his mother, Robin, died Friday from a little known condition called Adhesion-Related Disorder.
Because his mother's name was Robin, he said he decided to eat at the Red Robin restaurant on 180th Street......
Click Link to see video
Friday, February 11, 2011
FDA Mulls Health Warning on Powdered Gloves
By John Gever, Senior Editor, MedPage Today
Published: February 08, 2011
Health risks associated with powdered medical gloves -- for professionals as well as patients -- may soon be highlighted on their packages, according to the FDA.
In a draft guidance document for manufacturers, the FDA proposed that powdered surgical and patient examination gloves carry a warning that the products may cause health problems ranging from latex allergies to granulomas and adhesions in patients.
The guidance won't be formally adopted until after the agency digests comments on the proposal, which it is accepting through April. Technically, guidance documents are not enforceable, but most manufacturers follow their recommendations scrupulously.
According to the draft, the FDA is reacting to reports on adverse effects associated with powdered medical gloves.
In 1997, an FDA study found a range of allergic reactions that could be caused by these products, which include gloves made of natural rubber latex, nitrile, vinyl, and polychloroprene.
The powder particles -- usually cornstarch -- can carry latex molecules from the natural rubber gloves, triggering or exacerbating allergies in some patients and professionals, the FDA found.
Powders on nonlatex gloves have also been the subject of adverse event reports more recently, the FDA indicated, citing more than 30 studies. These include impaired wound healing, inflammation, granulomas, and adhesions in patients.
Some have shown that hospitals switching to unpowdered gloves have reduced allergy development and respiratory problems, the FDA added.
The agency also noted, however, that "this has not been a universal finding," and the studies have had significant methodological limitations.
Nevertheless, the agency is proposing that manufacturers include the following warning on glove boxes:
"Powdered gloves may lead to foreign body reactions and the formation of granulomas in patients. In addition, the powder used on gloves may contribute to the development of irritant dermatitis and Type IV allergy, and on latex gloves may serve as a carrier for airborne natural latex leading to sensitization of glove users."
If the guidance is adopted, manufacturers are urged to place the warning on product labeling within six months.
Published: February 08, 2011
Health risks associated with powdered medical gloves -- for professionals as well as patients -- may soon be highlighted on their packages, according to the FDA.
In a draft guidance document for manufacturers, the FDA proposed that powdered surgical and patient examination gloves carry a warning that the products may cause health problems ranging from latex allergies to granulomas and adhesions in patients.
The guidance won't be formally adopted until after the agency digests comments on the proposal, which it is accepting through April. Technically, guidance documents are not enforceable, but most manufacturers follow their recommendations scrupulously.
According to the draft, the FDA is reacting to reports on adverse effects associated with powdered medical gloves.
In 1997, an FDA study found a range of allergic reactions that could be caused by these products, which include gloves made of natural rubber latex, nitrile, vinyl, and polychloroprene.
The powder particles -- usually cornstarch -- can carry latex molecules from the natural rubber gloves, triggering or exacerbating allergies in some patients and professionals, the FDA found.
Powders on nonlatex gloves have also been the subject of adverse event reports more recently, the FDA indicated, citing more than 30 studies. These include impaired wound healing, inflammation, granulomas, and adhesions in patients.
Some have shown that hospitals switching to unpowdered gloves have reduced allergy development and respiratory problems, the FDA added.
The agency also noted, however, that "this has not been a universal finding," and the studies have had significant methodological limitations.
Nevertheless, the agency is proposing that manufacturers include the following warning on glove boxes:
"Powdered gloves may lead to foreign body reactions and the formation of granulomas in patients. In addition, the powder used on gloves may contribute to the development of irritant dermatitis and Type IV allergy, and on latex gloves may serve as a carrier for airborne natural latex leading to sensitization of glove users."
If the guidance is adopted, manufacturers are urged to place the warning on product labeling within six months.
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